Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): Mining Activities
Published:
03/30/2018
Articles
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Review : Pollution due to Coal Mining Activity and its Impact on Environment
Andi Arif Setiawan , Dedik Budianta , Suheryanto Suheryanto , Dwi Putro PriadiAbstract
Utilization of natural resources in the form of coal mines has a positive impact on economic and energy development, in addition to coal mining activities have a negative impact on the environment that result in environmental pollution in soil, water, and air. Pollution begins when clearing land, taking exploitation, transporting, stockpile and when the coal is burned. When land clearing causes damage to forest ecosystems. At the time of exploitation impact on air pollution by coal dust particles, the erosion, siltation of the river, the pollution of heavy metals and the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD). The high acid conditions cause the faster heavy metals such as Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni present in the coal dissolved and carried to the waters. Coal stockpile activity also causes pollution in the air, soil, and water. At the time the coal is burned as an energy source causes the emission of hazardous materials into the air of Hg, As, Se and CO2 gas, NOx, SO2. This condition has an impact on the environment and ultimately on human health.
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Keywords: coal, pollution, heavy metal, gas emissionÂ
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Abstrak (Indonesian)
Pemanfaatan sumber daya alam berupa tambang batubara berdampak positif dalam pembangunan perekonomian dan energi, disamping itu aktivitas penambangan batubara berdampak negatif bagi lingkungan yang berakibat pencemaran lingkungan di tanah, air dan udara. Pencemaran dimulai ketika membuka lahan, pengambilan batubara (exploitasi), pengangkutan, penyimpanan sementara (stockpile) dan saat batubara tersebut dibakar. Ketika pembukaan lahan untuk penambangan batubara, hutan mulai di tebang sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan ekosisitem. Pada saat exploitasi berdampak pada tercemarnya udara oleh partikel debu batubara, terjadinya erosi, pendangkalan sungai, pencemaran logam-logam berat dan terbentuknya air asam tambang (AAT). kondisi asam yang tinggi menyebabkan semakin cepat logam-logam berat seperti Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn dan Ni yang ada pada batubara tersebut terlarut dan terbawa ke perairan. Aktivitas penyimpanan sementara (stockpile) batubara juga menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran di udara, tanah dan air. Pada saat batubara tersebut dibakar sebagai sumber energi menyebabkan emisi bahan berbahaya ke udara berupa Hg, As, Se dan gas CO2, NOx, SO2. Kondisi ini yang berdampak pada lingkungan dan akhirnya pada kesehatan manusia.
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 Katakunci : batubara, polusi, logam berat, emisi gas.
Pages: 1-5Views: - Downloads: -Determination And Characteristic Oil Biomarker Of Illegal Crude Oil Production Using Mass Spectroscopy in Musi Banyuasin District
Edhi suryanto , Sri Haryati , Budhi KuswanAbstract
South Sumatra is one of the largest petroleum producing provinces in Indonesia, especially in the region of Musi Banyuasin Petroleum resources other than legally cultivated by Pertamina as government representatives, but on the other hand the community also participate through Illegal Drilling activities. This study aims to determine the hydrocarbon content and characterization of petroleum produced illegally by communities in the Sangadesa, Babattoman and Keluang districts through the biomarker analysis of the distribution of n-Alkane C10-C34 (m/z: 57), pristane, phytane, sterane C27-C29 (m/z: 217,218,259) and specific biomarker using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy agilent GCMSD 6890/5973i with data analysis using MSD Chemstation F.01.01.2317 and Library Database NIST14. Petroleum samples taken from 10 illegal wells with a depth range of 80-250 meters and production period of 3 months until 3 years. Oil is produced through The illegal drilling is not the main oil source rock but the result of migration. Biomarkers Hydrocarbon analysis is one of the most widely used devices for exploration geochemistry, exploitation, production and forensic environment in the assessment and determination of sources of pollution related to petroleum material and derivatives very well.
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Keyword ; Crude oil,illegal drillling,biomarker,GC/MS,caracterization
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Abstrak (Indonesian)
Sumatera Selatan salah satu propinsi penghasil minyak bumi terbesar di Indonesia, terutama di wilayah musi banyuasin. Sumber daya minyak bumi diusahakan secara legal oleh Pertamina, namun di sisi lain masyarakat turut mengelola melalui kegiatan Pengeboran Ilegal yang menjadi permasalah sosial ekonomi yang rumit satu dekade ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan biomarker hidrokarbon dan karakteristik minyak bumi yang dihasilkan secara tidak sah oleh masyarakat di kecamatan Sangadesa, Babattoman dan Keluang melalui analisis biomarker n-Alkana C10-C34 (m/ z: 57), pristane/phytane, sterane C27-C29 (m/z: 217,218,259) menggunakan Kromatografi Gas Mass Spektroskopi Agilent GCMSD 6890 / 5973i . Analisis data menggunakan MSD Chemstation F.01.01.2317 dan Library Database NIST14. Hasil penelitian meninjukan karakteristik distribusi biomarker hidrokarbon dalam sampel sampel minyak dari lokasi Babattoman dan Keluang biomarker n-Alkana C12 sampai C30 tidak ditemukan untuk menunjukkan bahwa minyak bumi memiliki biodegradasi moderat, sampel minyak dari Keban sedikit terdegradasi. Rasio Pr / Ph, Pr / nC17, dan Ph / nC18 menunjukkan sumber bahan organik sumber laut yang tersimpan dalam kondisi lingkungan anoksik pengendapan. Rasio diasterane / steranes untuk ekstrak yang dianalisis dan sampel minyak menunjukkan rasio rendah (0,09 - 0,23) menunjukkan batuan sumber penyimpan minyak berjenis batuan karbonat anoksikÂ
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Kata kunci ; Minyak bumi, pengeboran ilegal,biomarker, karakteristik
Pages: 6-12Views: - Downloads: -Impact of Coal Sales on Revenue Sharing Fund And Environment in The South Sumatra Province
Fettymia Fettymia , Eddy Ibrahim , Didik SusetyoAbstract.Â
Coal prices between 2006-2015 trend was fluctuate but tend to decrease every year and affect regional income, especially South Sumatra Province. Coal prices fluctuation are influenced by several factors, the decline of world oil prices, coal production surplus, and China imports restriction. Coal mining industry also give a direct impact to the environment especially effect to work environment for the company workers and the people environment around mining. The coal mining company absorbs local labor so as to increase local revenues from individual income taxes. This research use quantitative approach using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analytical method with E-views 7 software. Multiple linier regression technique also applied. The Secondary data is time series of 2006 - 2015. The results presented in form of tables, images and narration. From this research can be drawn conclusion that price fluctuations have no effect on regional income, but production sold has an effect on regional income.
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Keywords: Sale, price, royalty, Personal Income Tax Article 21, and Personal Income Tax Article 25/29
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Abstrak (Indonesian)
Harga batubara kurun 2006-2015 mengalami fluktuasi sehingga berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Fluktuasi harga batubara dipengaruhi oleh beberapa hal yaitu menurunnya harga minyak dunia, adanya kelebihan produksi batubara, dan pembatasan impor batubara oleh Cina. Industri pertambangan batubara memberikan dampak terhadap lingkungan salah satunya tenaga kerja. Perusahaan pertambangan batubara menyerap tenaga kerja lokal sehingga meningkatkan pendapatan daerah dari pajak penghasilan perorangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode analisis yang digunakan Ordinary Least Square (OLS) dengan software E-views 7.0. Teknik analisa data secara regresi linier berganda. Data sekunder merupakan time series periode tahun 2006 – 2015. Data dan hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar serta narasi untuk menginterpretasikan data tersebut. Dapat disimpulkan fluktuasi harga tidak berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan daerah, tapi produksi terjual berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan daerah.
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Kata Kunci : Penjualan, harga, royalti, PPh pasal 21, dan PPh Pasal 25/29.
Pages: 13-18Views: - Downloads: -The Effect of Health Community Behavior (PHBS), Health Service Quality to Diare’s Disease in Sub-Division Karang Jaya Palembang Sub-District
Iman Suwono , MT Kamaluddin , Sriati Sriati , Dwi Putro PriadiAbstract
The aims of this study were to analyze the Effect of Healthy Living Community Behavior (PHBS), Quality of Health Service against Overcoming Diarrhea Disease in Sub-division Karang Jaya Palembang. The type of research used in this study was analytical research. This research was conducted in Palembang City selected area of Karang Jaya Sub-district Gandus District. The study was conducted in May 2016 to June 2017. The samples of research were people affected by diarrhea in 2017 as many as 95 people. Method’s of data analysis using logistic regression. Result showed that the PHBS coefficient with odds ratio-0.760 (1.561-0.370) with significance of 0.045 less than the 0.05 significance level (α). This means that hypothesis one (H1) was accepted if the variable quality of health service, constant then every increase PHBS effect on the occurrence of diarrhea. The better PHBS will decrease the incidences of diarrhea. Coefficient of health service quality with odds ratio 1.598 (3.217-0.74) with significant equal to 0.009 less than level of significant (α) 0.05. This means that hypothesis two (H2) is accepted if the variable PHBS, constant then the quality of health services affect the occurrence of diarrhea. The better quality of health care will reduce the incidence of diarrhea
Keywords: PHBS, quality of service, health, diarrheaPages: 19-26Views: - Downloads: -Study of Ground Vibration Reduction Using Fault Tree Analysis Method on Blasting Activity in PT. Semen Baturaja Persero, Tbk.
Jihan F. Lubis , Taufik Toha , Ngudiantoro NgudiantoroAbstract
 Limestone mining activities at PT. Semen Baturaja Persero, Tbk use blasting activity that produces ground vibrations. Based on the measurement result on vibration level, the maximum value for vibration is 4.66 mm/s. The results of the data show that the level of emission has exceeded the standard limits for second class buildings (3 mm/s) based on (SNI) 7571: 2010 while the blasting activity is only 175-300 m from the nearest settlement. Fault Tree Analysis is used to analyze undesired events in a system or work set. Reconstruction of Fault Tree Analysis with Boolean algebra yields 5 event combinations that have the highest chance of generating ground vibrations. The event with the highest failure rate is X11 (the number of bursting holes simultaneously) with failure rate of 0.813 and X12 (fast timing delay) with failure rate (0.750). The USBM formulation obtained 3 mm/s vibration results when the number of bursting holes was reduced from 5 holes to 2 holes/delays with a quantity of 43 kg/delay. Based on Shotplus simulation, the company is advised to replace the blasting delay system from electricity to electronics to produce minimal explosion of ground vibration so as not to damage the environment.
Keywords: Blasting, flyrock, Vibration, powder factor
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Abstrak (Indonesian)
 Proses peledakan batu kapur di PT. Semen Baturaja Persero, Tbk, menghasilkan efek peledakan berupa getaran tanah. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran terhadap tingkat getaran didapatkan nilai maksimum untuk getaran sebesar 4.66 mm/s. Hasil data menunjukkan tingkat geraran telah melebihi batas standar untuk bangunan kelas dua 3 mm/s (SNI) 7571:2010, sementara kegiatan peledakan hanya berjarak 175-300 m dari pemukiman terdekat. Fault Tree Analysis digunakan untuk menganalisis kejadian (undesired event) yang tidak diinginkan dalam sebuah sistem atau rangkaian pekerjaan. Rekonstruksi Fault Tree Analysis dengan analisis aljabar Boolean menghasilkan 5 kombinasi event yang memiliki peluang tertinggi untuk menghasilkan getaran tanah. Event dengan tingkat kegagalan tinggi adalah event X11(jumlah lubang meledak bersamaan) dengan laju kegagalan 0.813 dan X12 (delay timing cepat) dengan laju kegagalan (0.750). Formulasi USBM memperoleh hasil getaran 3 mm/s apabila jumlah lubang yang meledak bersamaan direduksi dari 5 lubang menjadi 2 lubang perdelay dengan kuantitas 43 kg/delay. Berdasarkan simulasi softwate shotplus perusahaan disarankan untuk mengganti sistem delay peledakan dari listrik menjadi elektronik untuk menghasilkan peledakan yang minim getaran tanah sehingga tidak merusak lingkungan. Â
Pages: 27-30Views: - Downloads: -Analysis of Environmental Physical-Chemical Factors and Macroalga Species In The Coastal Water of Nusalaut, Central Maluku - Indonesia
Karel Melsasail , Ali Awan , Pamella M. PapilayaAbstract
The physical-chemical factors of environment are very influential on the presence and the growth of macrolaga in waters. Well-maintained water habitat is a good environment for the growth of macroalgae. A research has been conducted on the physicochemical environmental factors and the macroalgae species in the coastal waters of Nusalaut Island using transect method, and it was a survey research on four different observation stations. The results of the research showed that station I (Amet Village) has the best physicochemical factors for the presence and the growth of macroalgae, compared to station II (Nalahia Village), station III (Sila Village) and station IV (Leinitu Village). The most widely found macro algae are from the Rhodophyta class, with a total of 17 species of macroalgae, of which 15 species are found in station I.Â
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Keywords: Macroalga, environmental factors, the coastal water of Nusalaut
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Abstrak (Indonesian)
Faktor fisik kimia lingkungan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kehadiran dan pertumbuhan makrolaga pada suatu perairan. Habitat perairan yang terjaga menjadi lingkungan yang baik bagi pertumbuhan makroalga. Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang faktor fisik kimia lingkungan dan jenis-jenis makroalga di perairan Pantai Pulau Nusalaut dengan menggunakan metode transek, dan merupakan penelitian survey pada empat stasiun pengamatan yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stasiun I (Desa Amet) memiliki faktor fisik kimia terbaik bagi kehadiran dan pertumbuhan makroalga bila diabandingkan dengan stasiun II (Desa Nalahia), stasiun III (Desa Sila) dan stasiun IV (Desa Leinitu). Makroalga yang paling banyak ditemukan berasal dari kelas Rhodophyta, dengan total makroalga yaitu sebanyak 17 spesies, dimana 15 spesies diantaranya ditemukan pada satasiun I.Â
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Kata kunci: Makroalga, faktor lingkungan, perairan pantai Nusalaut
Pages: 31-36Views: - Downloads: -The Impact Implementation Program of Corporate Social Responsibity of PT. Kuansing Inti Makmur Toward Society Development Around Mining Area
Marisa Oktavia , Maulana Yusuf , Ardiyan SaptawanAbstract
This study aims to determine the impact implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) program PT. Kuansing Inti Makmur (PT KIM) towards the development of communities around the tambanag area and impact of the program. The company's mission is to build sustainable growth through high standards of occupational safety, development of good community programs and robust environmental management. Corporate social responsibility has become one of the most important issues facing the mining industry. Every mining activity is required to develop and empower the communities surrounding the mining area. This is stated in Permen ESDM No 41 of 2016. Techniques in determining informants are taken by purposive sampling, the community development program consists of four areas: education, health, economics and infrastructure. Data processing research using descriptive qualitative analysis. Based on the results of research can be concluded that the impact implementation of CSR programs on community development in the education is felt by the community is enough to help with the percentage of 60%, the health field is felt by the public is enough to help with the percentage of 60%, the perceived the community's economy has less impact on economic improvement with 51% percentage, infrastructure perceived the community is very helpful with 80% percentage.
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Keywords: Implementation, Impact of CSR Implementation
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Abstrak (Indonesian)
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak implementasi program corporate social responsibility (CSR) pengembangan masyarakat PT. Kuansing Inti Makmur (PT. KIM) terhadap masyarakat sekitar wilayah tambang dan dampak dari program tersebut terhadap masyarakat. Misi PT. KIM bertujuan membangun pertumbuhan berkesinambungan melalui standar keselamatan kerja yang tinggi, pengembangan program kemasyarakatan yang baik dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup yang tangguh. Tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan  telah menjadi salah satu isu yang paling penting yang dihadapi industri pertambangan. Setiap kegiatan pertambangan diwajibkan melakukan program pengembangan dan pemberdayaan terhadap masyarakat sekitar wilayah tambang yang telah diatur dalam Permen ESDM No 41 Tahun 2016. Metoda yang digunakan dalam pengambilan informan yaitu secara purposive sampling, program pengembangan masyarakat terdiri dari empat bidang yaitu bidang pendidikan, kesehatan, ekonomi dan infrastruktur. Pengolahan data penelitian menggunakan analisis deskritif kualitatif. Bedasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan dampak implementasi program CSR pengembangan masyarakat dalam bidang pendidikan dirasakan masyarakat cukup membantu dengan persentase 60%, bidang kesehatan dirasakan masyarakat cukup membantu dengan persentase 60%, bidang ekonomi dirasakan masyarakat kurang berdampak terhadap peningkatan ekonomi dengan persentase 51%, bidang infrastruktur dirasakan masyarakat sangat membantu dengan persentase 80%.Â
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Kata Kunci: Implementasi program pengembangan, Dampak Implementasi Program CSR
Pages: 37-42Views: - Downloads: -Harmonization of Green Open Space as Carbon Assimilator for Sustainable Environment of Transportation Sector and Steam Power Plant
Restu JuniahAbstract
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The environment has a function as a provider of raw materials (natural resources), aesthetics value and carbon assimilators. Emissions arising from the impact of activities in handmade environments such as transportation activities and steam power plant (SPP) activities may cause the environment to become unsustainable. The polluted air leads to a deterioration of the quality of both natural and social environment. Harmonization that occurs between green open space as the natural environment, transportation activities and steam power plant as handmade environment, and people as transport users and around SPP as social environment becomes sustainable. Reduced air pollution on the other hand, making the air absorbed by the community around the steam power plant is also better in quality. This makes the community of transportation users and steam power plant as social environment becomes sustainable since the impacts of the derivatives that arise on public health is being reduced. Thus, the harmonization between the three components of the living environment, namely Green Open Space (GOS) as the natural environment, transportation activities and steam power plant as an handmade environment, and the people as transportation users and around SPP as a social environment in the transportation sector and steam power plant.
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Keywords: Emission, Natural environment (GOS), Handmade environment (transportation and steam power plant), Sustainable environment..
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Abstrak (Indonesian)
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Lingkungan memiliki fungsi sebagai penyedia bahan mentah (sumber daya alam), nilai estetika dan asimilator karbon. Emisi yang timbul sebagai dampak kegiatan di lingkungan buatan seperti kegiatan transportasi dan kegiatan pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) dapat menyebabkan lingkungan menjadi tidak berkelanjutan. Hal ini dikarenakan emisi menyebabkan udara menjadi tercemar. Udara yang tercemar mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas lingkungan alam dan lingkungan sosial. Harmonisasi yang terjadi antara ruang terbuka hijau sebagai lingkungan alam, kegiatan transportasi dan PLTU sebagai lingkungan buatan serta masyarakat penggguna transportasi dan sekitar PLTU sebagai lingkungan sosial menjadi berkelanjutan. Hal ini karena emisi yang timbul oleh kegiatan transportasi dan PLTU dapat diserap oleh tanaman yang terdapat pada ruang terbuka hijau. Penyerapan ini dapat mengurangi penurunan kualitas udara sehingga lingkungan alam tetap terjaga dan berkelanjutan. Berkurangnya pencemaran udara disisi lain, menjadikan kualitas udara lebih baik lagi sehingga udara yang diserap oleh masyarakat pengguna transportasi dan pejalan kaki serta sekitar PLTU juga dengan kualitas yang lebih baik lagi. Hal ini menjadikan masyarakat pengguna transportasi dan PLTU sebagai lingkungan sosial menjadi berkelanjutan. Hal ini dikarenakan terkuranginya dampak turunan yang timbul terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Dengan demikian harmonisasi antara ketiga komponen lingkungan hidup yaitu RTH sebagai lingkungan alam, kegiatan trasportasi dan PLTU sebagai lingkungan buatan, dan masyarakat pengguna transportasi dan masyarakat yang berada sekitar PLTU sebagai lingkungan sosial menjadi sebuah keharusan untuk lingkungan yang berkelanjutan di sektor transportasi dan PLTU.
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Katakunci: Emisi, Lingkungan alam (RTH), Lingkungan buatan (transportasi dan PLTU), Lingkungan berkelanjutan.
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Sriwijaya Journal of Environment Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Universitas Sriwijaya