Vol. 2 No. 2 (2017): Water As A Vital Resource for Life
Published:
05/30/2017
Articles
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Slab Quality and Environmental Degradation with The Addition of Additives and Coagulant
Afriyani Zulyanti , Amin Rejo , Farry Apriliano Haskari , Afrizal VachlepiAbstract : This research used ammonium chloride at doses of 0%, 0.15%, 0.30% and 0.45% with 0% dose, 0.15%, 0.30% and 0.45% while formic acid and liquid smoke coagulants. Â The objective of this research is to determine the effects of the addition of additives (NH4Cl) and the type of coagulants on the quality slab degradation. The observed parameters were the value of dry rubber content (%), initial plasticity (Po), plasticity retention index (PRI), ash content (%), volatile matter (%) and Mooney viscosity. The results showed that doses ammonium chloride and coagulants affected to the value of dry rubber content (%), initial plasticity (Po), plasticity retention index (PRI), ash content (%), volatile matter (%) and Mooney viscosity. The treatment dose 0.45% ammonium chloride with coagulant has the best combination treatment reason it produced slab with dry rubber content 46.517%, initial plasticity 45, plasticity retention index 94, ash content 0.278%, volatile matter 0.604% and Mooney viscosity 72.
Keywords: Ammonium chloride, coagulants and slab.
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Abstrak (Indonesian) : Penelitian ini menggunakan amonium klorida dengan dosis 0%, 0,15%, 0,30% dan 0,45% sedangkan jenis koagulan asam format dan asap cair. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan zat aditif (NH4Cl) dan jenis koagulan terhadap degradasi mutu sleb. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar karet kering (%), plastisitas awal (Po), indeks retensi plastisitas (PRI), kadar abu (%), kadar zat menguap (%), viskositas Mooney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan dosis amonium klorida dan jenis koagulan berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar karet kering (%), plastisitas awal (Po), indeks retensi plastisitas (PRI), kadar abu (%), kadar zat menguap (%), viskositas Mooney. Perlakuan dosis amonium klorida 0,45% dengan koagulan asam format merupakan perlakuan terbaik menghasilkan kadar karet kering 46,517%, plastisitas awal 45, indeks retensi plastisitas 94, kadar abu 0,278% , kadar zat menguap 0,604% dan viskositas Mooney 72.
Kata Kunci: Amonium klorida, koagulan dan sleb.
Pages: 35-39Views: - Downloads: -The Application of Modeling Gamma-Pareto Distributed Data Using GLM Gamma in Estimation of Monthly Rainfall with TRMM Data
Herlina Hanum Department of Mathematics, Sriwijaya University Indonesia , Aji Hamim Wigena Department of Statistics, Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia , Anik Djuraidah Department of Statistics, Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia , I Wayan Mangku Department of Mathematics, Bogor Agricultural University IndonesiaAs a recently developed distribution, the application of Gamma-Pareto is limited to single variable modeling. A specific transformation of Gamma-Pareto (G-P) yields gamma distribution. Therefore, it is possible to use analysis based on gamma distribution (e.g. GLM) for modeling G-P distributed data. In this paper we study the application of modeling G-P distributed data using GLM gamma for monthly rainfall which observed in Sukadana Station. The modeling aims to analyze whether Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite data is a good estimator for unobserved station’s data. The transformed of station’s data were considered as response variable in GLM gamma. The explanatory variable is TRMM data in 9 grids around the station. There are two kinds of modeling i.e. model for whole data and extreme data. The results show that for both data the station’s data are G-P distributed and the transformed data are gamma distributed. TRMM rainfall data at each grid around the station can be used to estimate the observed data of monthly rainfall. The best model for both data contains dummy variables which correspond to inter quantile data. The coefficients of dummy variables in the best model may substitute the grouping or the correction in the previous studies.
Pages: 40-45Views: - Downloads: -Aquatic and Dry Land Weeds as Potential Renewable Fibers Resources for Paper
Tamrin Tamrin , Filli Pratama , Rahmad Hari Purnomo , Nessia DavitriAbstract:Â The investigation of aquatic and dry land weeds as fibers resources for paper making was carried out. The selected fiber resources of aquatic weeds were water hyacinth (Eicchornia crassipes) and water chestnuts (Eleocharis dulcis), and bladygrass (Imperata cylindrica) as the selected dry land weed. Research was designed as a factorial completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was fibers origin (Eicchornia crassipes, Imperata cylindrica, Eleocharis dulcis) and the second factor was the fibers pulp slurry concentrations (30%, 50%, and 70% v/v). Results showed that the fibers origin and fibers pulp slurry concentration had significant effect on the tensile strength, mass density, water absorption, and frictional resistance of paper. The interaction between the fibers origin and fibers pulp slurry concentration had significant effect on tensile strength, frictional resistance, water absorption; but had no significant effect on mass density of paper. The paper that was made of 70% (v/v) of water hyacinth fiber pulp slurry showed the best characteristics with the tensile strength of 3.65 kgf mm-1, mass density of 0.87 g cm-3, water absorption of 0.235 g cm-2, and frictional resistance of 0.028 g cm-2.
Keywords: water hyacinth, water chestnuts, bladygrass, paper.
Abstrak (Indonesian):Â Penelitian tentang sumber serat dari gulma air dan lahan kering untuk pengolahan kertas telah dilakukan. Gulma air yang potensial sebagai sumber serat adalah eceng gondok (Eicchornia crassipes) dan purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis); alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) sebagai sumber serat dari gulma lahan kering. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang disusun secara factorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah jenis gulma (Eicchornia crassipes, Imperata cylindrica, Eleocharis dulcis) dan faktor ke dua adalah konsentrasi penambahan bubur serat (30%, 50%, and 70% v/v). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis gulma dan konsentrasi penambahan bubur serat berpengaruh nyata (p<0.05) terhadap kekuatan tarik, massa jenis, absorpsi air dan ketahanan gesek. Interaksi antara jenis gulma dan konsentrasi penambahan bubur serat berpengaruh nyata terhadap kekuatan tarik, ketahanan gesek, abosrpsi air; tetapi berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap massa jenis kertas. Kertas yang dibuat dari serat eceng gondok dengan konsentrasi bubur serat sebanyak 70% (v/v) menghasilkan kertas dengan sifat mekanik dan fisik terbaik dengan kekuatan tarik 3,65 kgf mm-1, massa jenis 0,87 g cm-3, absorpsi air 0,235 g cm-2, dan ketahanan gesek 0,028 g cm-2.
Katakunci: eceng gondok, purun tikus, alang-alang, kertas.
Pages: 46-49Views: - Downloads: -River Water Pollution Control Strategy Due to Coal Mining Activities (Case Study in Kungkilan River West Merapi District, Lahat)
Eddy Suroso , Muhammad Said , Satria Jaya PriatnaAbstract:Â Kungkilan River is under the administration of West Merapi Sub-district, Lahat, which is potential to degrade its water quality, resulted from the activity of coal mining. This research is aimed to analyze the quality of water in Kungkilan River in every segment of coal mining campany and proposing a recommendation of management strategy of river pollution. This research applied the descriptive analysis with the quantitative approach using sample survey method. The analysis of the recommendation of management strategy of river pollution was conducted through SWOT method. The sample of water in Kungkilan River was collected from 5 station. The sample of waste water was collected from 7 spots of Sludge Sedimentation Pond of the coal mining campany. It was collected during the dry and rainy season. It can be concluded that the quality of water in Kungkilan River has been degrading right after streaming through the area of coal mining. In the dry season, each segment meets the calculation of the capacity of water pollution for TSS parameter, while in the rainy season, segment IV exceeds the capacity. In the rainy season, the quality of water in Kungkilan River in the station S-02, S-03 and S-04 encounters a self-purification process, while in Station S-05 is in the condition of moderate pollution. Based on hose finding, it is recommended that the management strategy of Kungkilan River pollution can be conducted through having research on the determination of water classification and the capacity of water pollution in Kungkilan River and supervising the quality of water periodically and continually; improving the frequency of supervision by PPLH/PPLHD personnel and functionally; moving the water disposal canal to other spots and conducting vegetation; regulating law administratively, both civil and criminal law, to the companies violating the regulation of water pollution management; and benefitting the CSR program of the company.
Keywords: Kungkilan River, the quality of river, management strategy.
Abstrak (Indonesian):Â Sungai Kungkilan berada di wilayah administrasi Kecamatan Merapi Barat, Kabupaten Lahat yang berpotasi terjadi penurunan kualitas air akibat kegiatan pertambangan batubara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kualitas air Sungai Kungkilan di setiap segmen perusahaan pertambangan batubara, serta memberikan rekomendasi strategi pengendalian pencemaran air sungai. Penelitian ini memakai analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan sample survey method, dan analisis rekomendasi strategi pengendalian pencemaran air dengan metode SWOT. Pengambilan sampel air Sungai Kungkilan dilakukan di 5 stasiun, dan sampel air limbah dan/atau air limpasan dari di outlet Kolam Pengendap Lumpur (KPL) lokasi perusahaan pertambangan batubara berjumlah 8 dan 7 titik. Pengambilan sampel air limbah dan atau air limpasan, dan air Sungai Kungkilan dilakukan pada musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas air Sungai Kungkilan telah terjadi penuruan setelah melintasi kegiatan pertambangan batubara, Perhitungan daya tampung beban pencemaran air untuk parameter TSS, pada musim kemarau di setiap segmen masih memenuhi daya tampung, namun pada musim penghujan di segmen IV telah melebihi daya tampung. Status mutu air Sungai Kungkilan di stasiun S-02, S-03, dan S-04 pada musim penghujan terjadi proses self purification, sedangkan di stasiun S-05 tetap dalam kondisi cemar sedang. Rekomendasi strategi pengendalian pencemaran air Sungai Kungkilan, yaitu: melakukan kajian penetapan kelas air dan daya tampung beban pencemaran air Sungai Kungkilan, serta pemantauan kualitas air secara periode dan kontinu; peningkatan frekuensi kegiatan pengawasan oleh personil PPLH dan/atau PPLHD dan berstatus fungsional; pemindahan saluran pembuangan air limbah ke badan air lainnya dan pelaksanaan revegetasi; penerapan sanksi penegakan hukum baik secara administratif, perdata dan/atau pidana bagi perusahaan pelanggar peraturan pengendalian pencemaran air; dan pemanfaatan program CSR perusahaan.Â
Katakunci: Sungai Kungkilan, kualitas air sungai, strategi pengendalian.
Pages: 50-57Views: - Downloads: -Identification Of Solid Waste Management System In Household At Palembang City
Hendrik Jimmyanto Environmental Management Post Graduate Sriwijaya University Indonesia , Imron Zahri , Hatta DahlanIncreasing number of population give the impact of solid waste generation. Solid waste from household activity is about 55-80% of all waste in city which is composed of organic and inorganic waste. The important thing of solid waste management system is to know the characteristics of sources waste especially household as a step in improving solid waste management system in Palembang city. The aim of this study was to calculate solid waste generation of household in Palembang city and to identify composition and solid waste management system in household which has applied for along time. The research method is observation survey in 3 low income household dan 3 high income household respectively numbered 20. From the result will be analysis with statistic metode to see the relationship of the sampel using Anova one way. The amount of weight and volume of waste generation in low income household is 0.91 kg / person / day and 1.51 liters / person / day. The amount of the weight and volume of waste at high home income is 0.79 kg / person / day and 1.63 liters / person / day. In low income household produce more organic waste than high income household.
Pages: 58-61Views: - Downloads: -Make a Submission
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Sriwijaya Journal of Environment
Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Universitas Sriwijaya